CHILDES Clinical English Malakoff/Mayes Corpus

Marguerite E. Malakoff Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Harvey Mudd College margo_malakoff@hmc.edu website

Linda C. Mayes Child Study Center Yale University linda.mayes@yale.edu website

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Citation information

Malakoff, M. E., Mayes, L. C., Schottenfeld, R. S., & Howell, S. (1999). Language production of 24-month-old inner city children of cocaine-and-other-drug-using mothers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20.

In accordance with TalkBank rules, any use of data from this corpus must be accompanied by at least one of the above references.

Participants

A sample of 74 infants (46 drug-exposed and 28 not drug-exposed) were randomly selected from a large longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine and other drugs on infant and child development. The mean age of the drug-exposed group was 24 months, 5 days (range from 22.9 to 26.1 months); the mean age of the not drug-exposed group was 24 months, 4 days (range from 22.9 to 26.8 months). There were 19 boys and 27 girls in the drug-exposed group and 10 boys and 18 girls in the not drug-exposed group. All children were accompanied by mothers.

Maternal cocaine exposure status was determined either by self-report of use during pregnancy or by a positive urine screen at a prenatal visit or at delivery. Nonexposed status was ascertained by maternal and infant urine toxicology and a negative maternal history of cocaine use during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. All infants in this sample remained in their mothers’ care after delivery.

The sample was predominantly African American (85% drug-exposed and 82% not drug-exposed). Most women were in their twenties. However drug-using mothers were significantly older (mean age = 28.5) than non-drug-exposed mothers (mean age = 24.9, F(1,71) = 12.74, p < .001. The majority of the women in both groups were single mothers. There were no differences in the proportion of mothers in each group receiving prenatal care, and the majority of women in both groups had at least one prenatal visit.

Additional background information on children and mothers is available from Mala-koff, Mayes, Schottenfeld, & Howell, (1999).

Procedures

Natural language data was transcribed from videotaped semistructured play at the 24-month follow-up visit. The sessions ranged from 4 to 8 minutes in length. The majority of the sessions (74%) were between 4.5 and 6.5 minutes long; only 8% were less than 4.5 minutes. The mean length of the play session was similar for both groups, with a mean of 5.6 minutes (SD = .94).

All play sessions took place in the same room and with the same set of toys. The care-giver and child were accompanied to a small room with a one-way mirror permitting ob-servation and videotaping. A set of toys, which included a teddy-bear-like doll, a teaset, blocks, a blanket, a train, a doll, a set of stacking barrels, two picture-only books, a small ball, and a toy phone, were laid out visibly on the floor at one end of the room. Other fur-nishings in the room included a small chair and table and a quilted mat for the child to play on. Sessions were minimally 4 minutes in length and were at the end of the visit period. After a brief background survey administered by an investigator, the caregiver was asked to play normally with the child, and the two were left alone in the room until an investigator terminated the session.

Dyad	Sex	Session Length (minutes)	Premie (<36 mos)?	Cocaine in utero?	Other in utero A = alcohol C = cigarettes M = marijuana
1	female	6.00	No	No	C
2	female	4.97	No	No	C
3	male	5.50	No	No	A, C, M
4	male	5.23	No	No
5	male	5.40	No	No	A
6	male	6.77	No	No	C
7	female	4.27	No	No
8	male	4.10	No	No
9	female	6.87	No	No
10	male	4.47	No	No
11	female	7.36	No	No
12	female	4.70	No	No
13	female	6.16	No	No	A, C
14	female	7.10	Yes	No
15	female	5.30	No	No	C
16	female	7.20	No	No
17	female	5.33	Yes	No
18	male	4.80	No	No
19	female	4.77	No	No
20	male	4.00	No	No
21	male	6.00	No	No	C, M
22	female	4.82	No	No	A, C
23	female	5.53	No	No
24	female	6.00	No	No
25	female	7.95	No	No
26	female	6.47	No	No	A, M
27	female	5.70	No	No
28	male	5.83	No	No
29	male	5.63	No	Yes
30	male	4.87	Yes	Yes	A, C
31	male	5.73	No	Yes	C
32	male	5.57	No	Yes	A, M
33	male	4.80	Yes	Yes	C
34	female	7.90	No	Yes
35	female	5.00	Yes	Yes	A, C
36	male	8.07	No	Yes	A, C
37	female	6.00	No	Yes	A, C
38	female	5.23	No	Yes	C
39	female	5.23	No	Yes	A, C, M
40	female	4.91	Yes	Yes	C
41	male	4.83	No	Yes	C , M
42	female	5.26	No	Yes	A, C
43	female	4.88	No	Yes	A, C
44	male	7.40	No	Yes	C , M
45	female	5.90	No	Yes	A
46	female	4.90	No	Yes	A, C , M
47	male	4.40	No	Yes	C
48	female	5.00	No	Yes	A
49	male	4.33	Yes	Yes	C
50	female	5.60	No	Yes	A, C
51	male	6.83	No	Yes	A, C
52	female	7.60	Yes	Yes	C , M
53	female	4.77	No	Yes	A, M
54	female	5.37	No	Yes	A, C
55	female	4.93	No	Yes	A, C
56	female	5.27	No	Yes	A, C
57	female	4.60	No	Yes	A, C
58	male	5.00	No	Yes	C
59	male	5.27	Yes	Yes	A, C
60	female	5.97	No	Yes	C
61	female	6.28	No	Yes	C
62	male	5.07	No	Yes	A, C, M
63	female	5.63	No	Yes	A, C
64	male	6.30	No	Yes	C
65	male	5.90	No	Yes	A, C
66	female	5.07	Yes	Yes	A, C
67	male	5.50	No	Yes	C
68	male	5.27	No	Yes	A, C, M
69	female	4.53	No	Yes	C
70	female	7.00	Yes	Yes	A, C
71	female	5.40	Yes	Yes	A, C
72	female	5.40	Yes	Yes	C, M
73	female	5.23	No	Yes	A, C
74	female	5.27	No	Yes	C